What is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes?

The primary cause of Type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, which occurs when the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels. In this condition, even though the pancreas may produce adequate amounts of insulin, the cells are unable to utilize it properly, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Over time, the pancreas works harder to produce more insulin to compensate for the resistance, but eventually, it may not be able to keep up, resulting in Type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance is often associated with several lifestyle factors such as poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity, which can contribute to the development of the condition. While genetic factors can play a role in a person's predisposition to Type 2 diabetes, the interaction of these genetic factors with lifestyle choices and environmental influences is critical in the pathophysiology of the disease. This multifactorial nature highlights how insulin resistance is a central mechanism in the development of Type 2 diabetes.