Which condition can result from a deficiency of Vitamin E?

A deficiency in Vitamin E can lead to erythrocyte hemolysis, which is the destruction of red blood cells. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. In its absence, the integrity of red blood cell membranes is compromised, making them more susceptible to breaking apart under oxidative stress. This process can lead to hemolytic anemia, where the body cannot produce enough red blood cells to replace the ones that are destroyed.

The other listed conditions are not directly related to a Vitamin E deficiency. For instance, osteomalacia involves a deficiency in Vitamin D, leading to weakened bones. Swollen gums are generally associated with Vitamin C deficiency, manifesting as scurvy. Nail brittleness is often linked to deficiencies in biotin or certain minerals but does not specifically correlate with Vitamin E levels. Thus, erythrocyte hemolysis is the direct result of insufficient Vitamin E, making it the correct answer.