Which of the following minerals is abundant in bones and teeth?

Calcium is the mineral that is most abundant in bones and teeth, making it essential for maintaining their structure and health. It plays a critical role in bone formation and density. Approximately 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, where it contributes to their strength and rigidity.

When the body needs calcium for various physiological functions, such as muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting, it can draw on the reserves stored in bones. This regulatory mechanism highlights the importance of calcium not only for structural integrity but also for overall bodily functions.

The other minerals listed do not have the same level of abundance or primary role in bone and teeth formation. Iron primarily supports oxygen transport in the blood, sodium is vital for fluid balance and nerve function, and potassium plays a crucial role in muscle function and cardiovascular health. However, none of these minerals contribute significantly to the structural composition of bones and teeth like calcium does.