Which trace mineral deficiency is associated with immune response impairment?

Zinc is crucial for maintaining a healthy immune system, and its deficiency can lead to significant impairment of immune responses. It plays a vital role in the development and functioning of immune cells, including T lymphocytes and macrophages. Zinc is also essential for the production of various cytokines, which are signaling molecules that are critical for a coordinated immune response. A lack of zinc can lead to a decreased ability to fight off infections and may result in increased susceptibility to illnesses.

In contrast, while copper, selenium, and iron also play important roles in immune function, their deficiencies manifest differently. Copper is involved in red blood cell production and supports various enzymatic functions. Selenium is crucial for the antioxidant defense and helps in the regulation of immune responses. Iron is essential for hemoglobin function and energy production, but its deficiency primarily affects oxygen transport and can lead to anemia rather than direct impairment of the immune response. Therefore, the specific association of zinc deficiency with immune response impairment highlights its critical role in supporting the immune system.